Pre-requisites: PHY-103, 205, 206, 209

PART A

1. Numbers and Binary Codes

• Different number systems: Binary numbers
• Decimal numbers
• Octal numbers
• Hexadecimal numbers
• Number base conversion
• Weighted codes: The 8421 code
• Other 4-bit BCD codes
• The parity bit
• The Gray code
• Hamming code
• Error detection and correction
• The ASCII code
• Code conversion

2. Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates

• Laws and theorems of Boolean algebra
• Boolean functions
• Simplification of Boolean functions
• De Morgan’s theorems
• Digital Logic gates:
  • AND gate
  • OR Gate
  • NOT gate
  • NOR gate
  • The universal building block
  • XOR and XNOR gates
• TTL circuits

3. Simplifying Logic Circuits

• Minterm and maxterm
• SOP and POS circuits
• Algebraic simplification
• Map method: Truth table to Karnaugh maps
• Simplifications
• Tabulation method: Determination and selection of Prime- Implicants.
• Arithmetic Circuits
  • Complements:
    • The r’s and (r-1)’s complements
    • Subtraction with r’s and (r-1)’s complements
  • Adders:
    • half-adder and Full-adder
    • Binary parallel adder
    • Decimal adder
    • BCD adder
  • Subtractors:
    • Half-subtractor and
    • full subtractor
• Binary multiplier.

4. Flip-Flops: SR Latches

• Transistor latch
• NAND and NOR latch
• Clocked SR flip-flop
• D-type flip-flop: Unclocked and clocked D flip-flop
• JK flip-flop: Edge- triggered JK flip-flop
• Jk master-slave flip-flop
• Multivibrators

PART B

5. Counters and Registers

• Ripple counter
• Design of synchronous counter,
• Parallel Counter
• Combination counter
• BCD shift registers
• Decoders: BCD- to decimal decoder
• Demultiplexers
• Encoders
• Multiplexers

6. D/A and A/D Conversion

• Variable-resistor network
• Binary ladder,
• D/A converter
• D/A accuracy and resolution
• A/D converter
• A/D accuracy and resolution
• Advanced A/D techniques

7. Memory Devices

• Semiconductor memory technologies
• Memory addressing
• ROM architecture
• Types of PROMS and EPROMs
• RAM architecture
• Static and dynamic RAM
• DRAM
• SDRAM
• Magnetic Core and bubble memory Cache memory

8. Integrated Circuit Technology

• Integrated Circuit
• IC Fabrication: Purification and preparation of silicon wafer
• Epitaxial growth
• Oxidization
• Photolithographic process
• Isolation diffusion
• Base and emitter diffusion
• Metallization
• Encapsulation
• Formation of integrated circuit elements
• Transistors, capacitors and resistors for integrated circuits
• Sheet resistance